Information About Georgia
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Capital: Tbilisi
Area: 69,700 sq km
Population: 3.72 million people
Nationalcomposition: Georgians 70%, Armenians 6%, Turks 6%, Russians – Ukrainians 6.5%, Azerbaijanis 2%, Ossetians 3%, Greeks 2%, Abkhazians 1.5%
Official language: Georgian
Religion: Orthodox Christians 65%, Muslims 11%, Catholics 8%
Time: equals Moscow, and the clock is not translated
Electricity: 220 V AC, 50 A; standard socket double plug
Internet zone: .ge
International dialing code: +995
Currency: LARI (GEL)
GEOGRAPHY
The Republic of Georgia is located in the south-east of Europe, occupies the central and western part of Transcaucasia. It is bordered to the north by Russia, to the east by Azerbaijan, and to the south by Armenia and Turkey. In the west it is washed by the Black Sea. The territory of Georgia is mainly mountainous, more than a third is covered with dense forests. In the north, the border with Russia runs along the main ridge of the Caucasus Mountains, where the highest points of the country are located, the highest of which is Mount Shkhara (5068 m). The Lesser Caucasus Range runs through the south of Georgia, where the highest points do not exceed 3000 meters.
LANDSCAPE
The nature of Georgia is extremely diverse due to its geographical location, complex terrain and high-altitude zoning. The Caucasus region, in which Georgia is located, belongs to the mobile alpine belt of the earth's crust, which causes its contrasting relief and diverse landscapes with many different types of climate, hydrological regime, soil cover, vegetation and fauna. In addition, Georgia is located at the junction of the humid Mediterranean, the endorheic Aral-Caspian depression and the continental Near Eastern highlands, which also determines the diversity of its natural conditions.
The northern part of the country is occupied by the mountain system of the Greater Caucasus (Cargo Kavkasioni) with altitudes up to 4500-5000 m above sea level. In the watershed part of the Central Caucasus there are well-known passes - Krestovy (2384 m) and Mamison (2829 m). The high-mountainous part of the Caucasus is characterized by glaciers, in the west - karst phenomena, and in the east - young volcanic forms. In total, there are more than 600 glaciers in Georgia with a total area of 520 km². The largest glaciers are located in Svaneti. In the south of the country - the mid-mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus (up to 2850 m high), between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus - the Colchis lowland, which has the shape of a triangle with a base facing the Black Sea, and in the east - the Iverian depression, where the Kura River flows. The Colchis lowland barely rises above sea level. To the east it gradually rises to 150 m. It was in Colchis, according to legend, went to the Argonauts for the golden fleece.
In the extreme south of Georgia is the South Georgian (Javakheti) volcanic highlands, which are characterized by lava plateaus, chains of volcanoes and canyon-like gorges of rivers. The highest point of the highlands is Mount Didi-Abuli, 3301 m.
The main minerals are manganese ores (Chiatura), coal (Tkibuli), small oil reserves. One of the main natural resources is numerous mineral and thermal springs. On the basis of mineral springs, up to 50 resorts have been created.
CLIMATE
The climate of Georgia depends on subtropical influences from the west and Mediterranean influences from the East. The main Caucasian ridge with a temperate climate acts as a barrier against cold air from the north. Warm, humid air from the Black Sea easily moves into the coastal lowlands from the west. Climatic zones are determined by the distance from the Black Sea and altitude. In the Colchis Valley, the dominant climate is with high humidity and heavy precipitation (from 1000 to 2000 mm or 39.4 to 78.7 per year; the Black Sea port of Batumi receives 2500 mm or 98.4 per year). The average temperature in this region is: in winter +5 °C, in summer +22 °C.
The plains of Eastern Georgia are protected from the influence of the Black Sea by mountains that provide them with a more continental climate. winter temperature averages +2–4 °C, summer temperature +20–24 °C, . Humidity is lower and rainfall averages 500 to 800 mm (19.7 to 31.5) per year. The alpine and high-altitude regions to the east and west, as well as the semi-arid region on the Iori Plateau to the southeast, have different microclimates. Alpine conditions begin at about an altitude of 2100 m, and over 3600 m of snow and ice are present all year round. Snow falls mainly in mountainous areas in November and does not melt until the end of spring.
The climate of Georgia is favorable for year-round rest and treatment, nature pampers with a constant abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, which is especially important for visiting residents of northern regions and territories with unfavorable ecology.
MINERAL SPRINGS
Georgia is famous for its mineral springs. On the territory of the country there are 22 main sources of mineral waters, the most famous of which are "Zvare", "Sairme", "Nabeglavi", "Borjomi", etc. Georgia supplies its healing mineral water to more than 25 countries of the world.
RELIGION
Orthodox Christianity (Georgia is one of the first countries to adopt Christianity as the state religion in 337 AD), a very tolerant attitude towards other religions, there are Muslims, Catholics, etc.
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
The only state language in Georgia is Georgian. English is accepted for communication with foreigners. The majority of the population understands and speaks Russian language well.
TRANSPORT
Domestic flights connect Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi and Mestia. Railway communication is established between Tbilisi, Gori, Kutaisi, Borjomi, Khashuri, Batumi, Ureki, Kobuleti. Intercity buses and fixed-route taxis can take you to any city in Georgia that you need. In Tbilisi, public transport is represented by metro, buses and minibuses. Travel in minibuses costs 80 tetri, in the subway, buses - 50 tetri. Taxis can be called by phone or stopped on the street.
RULES of conduct
The locals are very hospitable and always ready to help guests, prompt and orient them around the country. Smoking is not allowed in public places.
PHOTOGRAPHY
Tourists are allowed to photograph various sights and other places of interest in Georgia, with the exception of airports, railway stations, metro, military facilities and some Orthodox churches. Your guide will explain to you what can be photographed and what is not. You can buy all the necessary equipment in any corner of Georgia.
SHOPPING
Shops are open from 10:00 to 20:00, and many - around the clock. Markets are open from 6:00–7:00 to 16:00–18:00 seven days a week. From Georgia as a gift you can bring ceramics, embroidery, handmade gold and silver products, local wine, chacha and brandy, pottery for every taste (jugs, dishes, etc.).
NECESSARY INFORMATION
InformationFire Service
Police
Ambulance
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